안녕하세요 여러분! Here’s another Hanja lesson that I recently posted on my Instagram–this one’s about 과! I hope it’s helpful :) 화이팅!
Here’s a vocab list (based on this post) you can fill in with your own target language(s). There’s also an empty vocab list at the end in case you find additional words i missed in my lists. I’ll upload more lists with the rest of the vocab words from the post above soon too!
-> here’s a link to a Google Drive folder with the pdf files if you prefer that format
Feel free to post & share your filled-in lists for other language learners!
Hello! I never introduced myself here, because this was just a place for me to collect resources for my language learning process. But I haven’t been here for a long time and I want to be more active from now on, so here we go!
I’m June and I’m a language student. My native language is Turkish, I can speak English fluently and I’m decent at Korean, though speaking is still difficult for me.
I’ve been in Korea for a few months now!
I’d like to talk about my goals for 2023 next~
My first goal is achieving TOPIK 5-6급. I have been studying Korean for years now but I feel like I have never taken it seriously enough. I plan to study regularly this semester (after resting well, of course).
My next goal is to publish a monthly digital magazine. I still have many doubts, mainly because I don’t really put myself out there, so publishing a magazine and asking people to read it sounds scary, but I should stop being afraid of everything. I do not want to live my life this way, so I’m forcing myself to come out of this shell I built long ago.
Then, I’d like to learn a fourth language. It’s probably going to be Japanese. I am not ambitious about it, I just want to learn a new language.
I also want to finish reading a book in Korean. I bought the Korean copy of Omniscient Reader’s Viewpoint, and one of my friends gifted me the Korean copy of The Little Prince. I’m hoping to complete reading them!!
Thank you for reading! ~
2021 was in many ways a very meta year: most of my writing projects were reflections on the social functions of various other projects I was working on. But those other projects were very interesting both to do and to reflect on, such as coordinating LingComm21: the first International Conference on Linguistics Communication, and redesigning the Lingthusiasm website. (Might they also reflect how under-socialized I got by a certain point in this pandemic? Hmmm.)
I was honoured to be the recipient of the Linguistics, Language, and the Public Award from the Linguistic Society of America in 2021. I put up my acceptance speech as a blog post.
Media
The final three videos of Crash Course Linguistics came out in 2021, although it was largely a 2020 project. Here’s the full list again so they’re all in once place, or you can watch them all at this playlist.
Each video also comes with a few companion links and exercises from Mutual Intelligibility and a list of all of the languages mentioned in Crash Course Linguistics is here. It was great working with the large teams on that project!
In our fifth year of Lingthusiasm, a podcast that’s enthusiastic about linguistics which I make with Lauren Gawne and our production team, we did some general sprucing up, including a new cover photo (now featuring a jacketless Because Internet), a new portrait drawing, and a new website (for which I wrote a long meta process post here). We also did our first virtual liveshow (as part of LingFest), introduced new bouba/kiki and what the fricative merch, and sent patrons a Lingthusiastic Sticker Pack. Here are the main episodes that came out this year:
And here are this year’s bonus episodes:
Conferences/events attended:
In April, I co-organized a pair of new events related to linguistics communication: LingComm21, the first International Conference on Linguistics Communication, and LingFest, a fringe-festival-like program of online linguistics events aimed at a general audience, which contained a total of 12 events attended by a total of over 700 participants. One of those events was our first virtual Lingthusiasm liveshow: here’s a fun thread that I did about backchannels while we were getting ready for the show.
LingComm21 had just under 200 registrants, around 100 of which were formally part of the programming in some way. My opening remarks and closing remarks are here as blog posts, and see the #LingComm21 hashtag for highlights of what people noticed about the conference. We then wrote a 6-part blog post series on the conference as a case study in making online conferences more social, in hopes of helping other people who are interested in better virtual events.
Sure! So 아/어 가지고 is a grammar point used to express the reason for something. The cause and effect. So, it is normally translated as “because,” but it can be translated in a number of ways.
It is used with mostly verbs (동사) and adjectives (형용사). But it is not conjugated for tense, so no tense markers are used with it.
아 가지고 comes after words that end with ㅏ and ㅗ. The same as making a simple present tense sentence (가요, 좋아요).
사다 -> 사 가지고, 좋다 -> 좋아 가지고, 오다 -> 와 가지고
어 가지고 comes after words that don’t end with ㅏ or ㅗ.
먹다 -> 먹어 가지고, 쓰다 -> 써 가지고, 배부르다 -> 배불러 가지고
Then 하다 verbs and adjectives get attached with 여, right? But it becomes 해.
하다 -> 해 가지고
Here are some examples with verbs:
어젯밤에 너무 많이 먹어 가지고 아직도 배부르다. Because I ate so much last night, I’m still full. (I ate so much last night that I’m still full.)
오늘 늦잠을 자 가지고 샤워를 못 했다. Because I woke up late, I couldn’t take a shower. (I woke up late, so I couldn’t take a shower.)
내 지갑을 못 찾아 가지고 학교에 지각했다. Because I couldn’t find my wallet, I was late to school. (I couldn’t find my wallet, so I was late to school.)
Here are some examples with adjectives:
오늘은 날씨가 좋아 가지고 밖에 나가고 싶네. Because the weather is nice today, I want to go outside. (The weather is so nice that I want to go outside.)
나는 키가 작아 가지고 콤플렉스가 있다. Because I’m short, I have a complex (about it).
남자랑 사귀어 본 적이 없어 가지고 어떨지 잘 모르겠다. Since I don’t have the experience of dating a man, I don’t know what it would be like. (I’ve never dated a guy before, so I don’t know what it’d be like.)
You can technically use this form with a noun. But it isn’t common. You’re more likely to see 이어서 or (이)라서 used with nouns, even 이기 때문에.
오늘은 친구 생일이어가지고 선물을 사러 가는 중이야. –> 오늘은 친구 생일이어서 선물을 사러 가는 중이야. Because it’s my friend’s birthday, I’m on my way to buy a gift.
아/어 가지고 can also be used to express a sequence of events that are connected. So, it is often seen as “and (then).” It has the same conjugation rules as the other translation. But it’s usually used with verbs since it shows a sequences of events (actions).
집에 가 가지고 먹었다. I went home and (then) ate.
우리 친구네 집에 가 가지고 공부할 거다. I’m going to go to my friend’s house and (then) study.
친구한테 전화 해 가지고 물어 볼 거다. I’m going to call my friend and (then) ask.
But the events must be connected actions. So, let’s look at a bad/unnatural example. “학교에 가 가지고 장보러 갈 거예요. I’m going to go to school and then go grocery shopping.” This does not work because going to school has nothing to do with grocery shopping. They are unrelated activities unless you’re grocery shopping at the school. So, the two clauses must be related to each other.
Usage notes:Before writing this post, I had a very practical discussion with my friend on this grammar point. And we both agree that this grammar point is used all day while speaking. It’s used in informal writing like text messages and blogs, so you will not find it on the news or in formal writing. Which also means it’s also typically used between friends, family members, and romantic partners. It’s not as common in the workplace, except on some occasions. And that exception was that it can come off a little cute and softer than 아/어서 does when you make a mistake or have to tell someone something they don’t want to hear.
So, if I was to say to my boss “죄송해요. 그 서류를 못 찾아가지고요…” (I’m sorry. Because I can’t find that document…). It would sound a lot softer than “그 서류를 못 찾아서요.” which is a bit stiff and emotionless in comparison. So, it could help deliver the sincerity of your apology.
I hope this is helpful.^^
안녕하세요! Hey everyone! Today we’re going to learn about a grammar point that you prob hear a lot in everyday spoken Korean – -아/어 가지고! Let’s start!
-아/어 가지고 is attached to verb/adjective stems and essentially means “because” or “and then” depending on the situation. It’s very similar to -아/어서, which means the same thing! The difference is that -아/어 가지고 is a colloquialism, so it’s only used in very casual situations. In situations where you speak formally or politely, use -아/어서, but if you’re speaking to those you can speak casually with, -아/어 가지고 is acceptable to use. Let’s see some examples!
Before we look at some examples, let’s look at a formula:
Here are some examples of -아/어 가지고 meaning “because/so”!
You might also hear sentences ending in -아/어 가지고, as kind of a way of trailing off. For example:
Let’s look at some examples where -아/어 가지고 can mean “and then.” Keep in mind that when using it to mean “and then,” the two actions you’re talking about have to be connected somehow. In other words, you’re not just saying you did one action and then another that is completely separate from it after – they are somehow connected. For example:
That’s about it for this lesson! Hope it was helpful! Feel free to ask any questions! See you in the next lesson! 다음 또 봐요!
“三人行，必有我师” 的意思是三个人一起走路，里边一定有一个人可以做我的老师。这句话用来比喻别人身上可能有我们没有的优点，我们要学习别人身上的优点。
“三人行，必有我师”
means “When I walk with two others, there must be one whom I can learn from”. In the metaphorical sense, it means everybody may have some merits that we lack, so we should learn from others.
海！！ this will include vocabulary and some sentences so I hope you’ll find this helpful! feel free to correct me anytime! ily💘 加油～
≫ 真 (zhēn) > really
≫ 不愧 (bùkuì) > be worthy of
≫ 天下 (tiānxià) > world
≫ 刺客 (cìkè) > assassin, hitman
≫ 有人 (yǒurén) > someone
≫ 更 (gèng) > more
≫ 价钱 (jiàqián) > price
≫ 要 (yào) > want, ask, for, wish, desire
≫ 杀 (shā) > kill, slaughter, butcher
≫ 这么 (zhème) > so, such, this way, like this
≫ 工作 (gōngzuò) > work, job
≫ 哪里 (nǎlǐ) > where
≫ 找 (zhǎo) > look for, try to find, seek
≫ 那 (nà) > that, then, in that case
≫ 发达 (fādá) > developed, advanced, flourishing
The Best Feeling Ever is when you start to feel close to a language you're studying, in the way that it feels familiar to your ears, you subconsciously notice patterns in spelling, you can tell the role of a word in a sentence even if you don't understand it, the sound of it comes naturally to your mouth and even if you stutter you know what it's supposed to be like
NB: Post is a little long this time - lots of examples and explanation - sorry!
Here’s something that trips me up at even the best of times - both mean ‘later’ but they imply slightly different things. ‘이따가’ indicates that something will happen a short time later - usually within a few hours, whereas ‘나중에’ doesn’t really have a time inference - the time period can be either long or short, so it can be used in every situation. However you might prefer to use 이따가 instead to emphasise that the time is short, for example if you ask someone to wait for you and say to them, “I will come back later”, you can say “이따가 다시 올게요” to emphasise that the waiting time will be short. If you use 나중에 instead, the person cannot tell how long they might be waiting.
Hopefully here are some words you won’t have to use too often - both give off a meaning of ‘lonely’. 외롭다 will be the adjective that most people are familiar with in meaning ‘lonely’ or ‘feeling lonely’, whereas 고독하다 is an even more intense feeling of loneliness. 고독하다 is more like ‘solitude’ - like that feeling of intense loneliness when you are on your own for long periods of time.
There are numerous ways to say ‘life’ in Korean and it can get a little confusing so let’s break down just three common terms from the numerous options.
인생 is made up of the Chinese characters 人生, the first of which means ‘person’, therefore 인생 refers to the life of a human and not the life of other living things (plants or animals) or objects, e.g. “Life is worth living - 인생은 살 가치가 있어요" or “What is the meaning of (human) life? - 인생의 의미는 무엇인가요?”
However, 삶 is life as a concept, or life as an existence - it refers to a living thing’s existence on Earth. e.g. “Grandmother lived a good life [existence] - 할머니는 좋은 삶을 사셨어요" or “Cats live a perfect life [existence] - 고양이는 완벽한 삶을 사요"
목숨 has quite a specific use - the word is composed of 목 (neck) and 숨 (breath) to refer to breathing as the primary function of a human or animal’s life. The easiest way to conceptualise 목숨 is as ‘life that can be lost’ - it indicates the idea that a person or animal either has breath in their body (living), or does not have breath in their body (not living). The ‘breath in your neck (목숨)’ can be risked, in danger or lost, so you will likely only see this term in those kinds of sentences. e.g. “I’m risking my life - 목숨이 위태로워요" or “My life is in danger - 제 목숨이 위험해요"
All of these mean ‘to try to do something’ but each have quite different uses. 시도하다 holds more of a meaning of ‘to attempt something’ - it is quite formal in the same way that in English you wouldn’t normally say “I will attempt to do it” when speaking amongst friends, therefore it is more likely to be seen in writing than speaking. e.g. “Suzy attempted singing - 수지는 노래를 시도했다”
You could instead (mostly) use 노력하다 for less formal and less intensive situations, but it gives off a feeling of trying to do something that requires quite a lot of effort, or something that needs long-term effort, e.g. “I will try (really hard) - 노력할게요”
On the other hand, -아/어 보다 is used all the time and indicates that you will try something (possibly for the first time) with the aim of experiencing what that thing is like. It doesn’t require a lot of effort, and it is probably not something that will go on for a long time, e.g. “I will try eating kimchi - 김치를 먹어 볼게요“
All of these are terms are common words used to express amazement, and largely could be interchanged without much trouble, but I delved a little deeper to understand the differences and here is what I found:
대박 (대박이다) has two meanings:
These two meanings can overlap from time to time, like in the lottery example, but dividing them into two like this, makes the other two terms easier to understand. 대단하다 means ‘a huge amount’ or ‘enormous’, but in expression form it means ‘outstanding’, ‘amazing’, so it has the same use as the first meaning of 대박, e.g. “와 대단하다 - Wow, this is amazing.”
Meanwhile, 신기하다 means something is amazing in a surprising kind of way, so it is closely related to the second meaning of 대박 - however it is not often used with negative meanings, e.g. “네가 아직도 그걸 기억하다니 신기하구나 - It’s amazing/surprising that you still remember that” or “우리가 이 곳에서 만난 건 신기하다 - It’s amazing/surprising/unbelievable that we met each other here [without planning to meet]”
안녕하세요 여러분! Hey everyone! Earlier in this level we learned about -고 있다, which is the present progressive form in Korean! But there’s another way to say that you are doing something, going somewhere, or that something is happening – it includes using 중! 시작해 볼까요? Let’s start!
Let’s start by defining 중. 중 is a Sino-Korean (meaning it has Chinese roots) syllable (I would call it a word, but I don’t think it can really be used by itself) meaning “middle” or “center.” Here are some words with 중 in them:
Do you see a trend? All of these words have something to do with being in the center of something – the average of a set of numbers is in between the smallest and largest numbers, and if something it important, it might be the center of your focus.
중 can be attached to nouns to communicate that something is currently in session or that something is happening right now. Think of this as saying that something is in the middle of happening. Simply attach 중 to a noun like so:
This brings us to 중이다, which literally means “to be the middle.” It’s useful as a form of the present progressive, as in you are doing something right now or that something is in the middle of happening. As seen above, you can simply add 중이다 to a noun to mean that something is happening or that you are doing something:
You can also attach -는 중이다 to verb stems as a present progressive form to say that you are doing something or in the middle of doing something. Use this formula:
For example:
That’s about all for this lesson! If you want to practice writing and reading Korean with others, join my Discord chat here and my Tumblr chat here!
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If you would like to donate and support this blog and my studies, check out my Ko-Fi! Thank you for your generosity! See you next time! 다음에 봐요!
If you could instantly be granted fluency in 5 languages—not taking away your existing language proficiency in any way, solely a gain—what 5 would you choose?
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